Framework of APASO-II | |
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (1995) is used in previous version of APASO as well as in APASO-II in order to provide a theoretical framework to the selected set of scales. Figure 1 illustrates the ways in which the individual is ever increasingly encased in the social domain. It can be seen that the individual is in the centre of the diagram, surrounded by more immediate social influences such as family, peers and school and then less immediate (but not necessarily less important) influences of local community, regional, national and international effects. All-round individuals have well-developed attitudes and knowledge about these effects upon themselves and others. |
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The scales of Primary School are organised along four dimensions, namely, self, self-others, self-school, and self-society. There are 8 scales and 53 subscales applicable to Primary 3 to Primary 6. The scales of Secondary School are organised along five dimensions, namely, self, self-others, self-school, self-society and self-future. There are 12 scales and 62 subscales applicable to Secondary 1 to Secondary 6. |