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Main content start

4) Mental Well-being – Healthy Mind




[Highlights]      [Reading]      [Worksheets]      [Handouts]      [Assessment Tasks

Highlights

1. Mental health


2. Characteristics of an emotionally healthy person


3. Factors affect mental health

Biological Perspective

  • Mind and body are connected as a holistic system
  • Emotions and memory are managed by brain

Psychological Perspective

  • Experience in personal development
  • Self-concept

Social Perspective

  • Family, community, society and culture etc.
  • Social / economic changes / welfare system etc.

4. Stress

What is stress?

  • Stress is the physiological, emotional and behavioural reactions to a particular stressor, when the existing resources are not sufficient to cope with the external demand.

Types

  • Eustress – a positive form of stress, usually related to desirable events in a person’s life
  • Distress – a negative form of stress, usually related to keeping people from doing the things they need to do or cause discomfort

Stressors

  • Disastrous Events
  • Life events
  • Physical environment

Stress reaction

  • Physiological reaction – e.g. heavy breathing
  • Emotional reaction – e.g. the feeling of tension
  • Behavioural reaction – e.g. nail biting

Coping Strategies

  • Coping with problem Directly dealing with stressors
  • Coping with emotion Strategies to relieve emotions

5. Types of mental problems/disorders:

Depression

  • Presence of persistent depressed mood, lack of interest or motivation and negative thinking

Phobia

  • Excessive or irrational fear to a particular object or situation

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

  • Intrusive memory of the traumatic event, avoidance of situations that are reminders of the trauma, and hyper-arousal symptoms such as being easily startled and difficulty in sleeping

Schizophrenia

  • Disturbance of thinking and perception

6. Possible impact of poor mental health and stress:

Social isolation / exclusion

Labelling

  • prone to violence
  • unpredictable behavior
  • inability to make rational decisions

Negative Impacts

  • Discrimination: unfair treatment to patients
  • Social isolation: patients isolate themselves
  • Higher risk of relapse: patients may conceal their case history and hinder early diagnosis of the problem / treatment

Suicide

  • Risk of suicide attempts is higher among those with depression

Productivity / efficiency loss

  • unable to cope with stress in normal life and work effectively

Burden on family members

  • taking care of a mental patient is a major stressor
  • caregivers may need to quit their jobs
  • conflicts between the patients and family members

7. Rehabilitation

Deinstitutionalization

  • Long-term hospitalization : dependency and social withdrawal / adaptation problems of reintegration after long term segregation
  • Release of hospitalized patients into the community : closer contact with families and the community

Rehabilitation service

  • Hospital Authority :in-patient and out-patient, e.g. community psychiatric services
  • NGOs : e.g. sheltered workshops, halfway houses

Family care and support

  • Help patients to follow the treatment and medication;
  • Take care of the patients in daily lives
  • Emotional support

Integration into the community

  • Self-help groups
  • Training on social skills and living skills
  • Vocational training

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Reading


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Worksheets

 

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Handouts

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Assessment Tasks

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