9) Building a Healthy City

Action Means

Build healthy public policy

Create supportive environments

Strengthen community action

Develop personal skills

Re-orientate health services

Health Belief Model

individual perceptions – perceived severity; perceived susceptibility

modifying factors – cues to action; demographic, socio-psychological and structural factors

likelihood of action – perceived benefits; perceived barriers

Stages of Change Model

pre-contemplation

contemplation

preparation/determination

action

maintenance

Workplace

occupational health

School

protection against harassment, e.g. sexual harassment / bullying

others: e.g. hygiene, healthy lunch, peer relationship

Sports and leisure

health and safety practices in sports

lifestyle changes and new leisure activities create new risks

Travel abroad

health risk assessment, vaccinations and medication that travellers may need while travelling abroad

Home

e.g. safety use of equipment or aids for safety

Healthy city

Guiding principles – community participation, health promotion, primary health care, equity in health, inter-sectoral collaboration, effective use of resources

Risk

Hazard

Source

Injuries

Mechanical

contact with moving parts of machinery or equipment

Physical

obstacles on the ground (wet or damaged flooring), poor visibility

Poisoning

Chemical

hazardous chemical substances

Electrical

contact with live parts at even normal mains voltage

Physical illness

Biological

environmental conditions allow the rapid growths of micro-organisms

Lifestyle

risk behaviours such as smoking, alcohol addiction, drug abuse, unprotected sex, unhygienic practices

Mental illness

Stress

work or life events